Chapter 5 · Verse 28·Spoken by Krishna
यतेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिर्मुनिर्मोक्षपरायणः। विगतेच्छाभयक्रोधो यः सदा मुक्त एव सः
yatendriya-mano-buddhir munir mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ vigatecchā-bhaya-krodho yaḥ sadā mukta eva saḥ
The sage who has mastered the senses, the mind, and the discernment, intent on liberation, free from desire, fear, and anger, is forever free.
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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda
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Convergence
his verse describes the finished inner state of the seeker introduced in 5.27, where the practices of that verse (drawing outer contacts in, fixing the gaze between the brows, and evening out the breath) culminate. The figure here keeps three faculties under control at once: the senses (indriya, the eyes, ears, and the rest that reach out to objects), the mind (manas, the faculty that runs after and dwells on those objects), and the intellect (buddhi, the deciding, discerning faculty). When all three are restrained together, the seeker has gathered in the whole apparatus by which the world usually pulls a person outward.
Braided from 12 commentators
Śrī Ānandagiri · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Vedānta Deśika · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas · Śrī Jayatīrtha
Such a person is a muni, and the commentators agree on the precise force of that word: a muni is not merely a silent person but one given to manana, that is, to steady reflection and contemplation. The verse adds that he is moksha-parayana, one whose single supreme aim and resort is liberation (moksha). Everything else has fallen away as a goal; release alone is what he is bent toward. Several note that for such a one, with desire stilled, the mind moves toward the Self of its own accord.
Braided from 8 commentators
Śrī Ānandagiri · Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Swami Sivananda · Dhanapati Sūri · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Swami Ramsukhdas
He is described as free of three specific disturbances: iccha (desire or craving), bhaya (fear), and krodha (anger). The commentators treat these as the very modifications that make the mind restless; when they are gone, peace of mind follows and the mind no longer churns. This freedom is not a separate achievement bolted on, but the natural result of the controlled faculties and the single aim toward liberation.
Braided from 7 commentators
Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Swami Sivananda · Dhanapati Sūri · Śrī Ānandagiri · Śrī Puruṣottama · Swami Ramsukhdas
The verse's strongest claim is its last line: such a one is sada mukta eva, ever liberated indeed, and the commentators take this as a description of the jivanmukta, the one who is liberated while still living and embodied. For this seeker liberation is not a future event to be earned by further action; it is already an accomplished fact. Some put it pointedly: he has nothing left to do but be liberated, for his release is effortlessly accomplished and is beyond debate.
Braided from 11 commentators
Śrī Ānandagiri · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Vedānta Deśika · Śrī Jayatīrtha · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Śrī Puruṣottama
Divergence
Advaita Vedānta
These commentators read the verse's three restraints (senses, mind, intellect) as an entire ladder of yogic absorption, mapping each onto a graded ascent. One reads the single first line as compressing the whole eightfold path: the drawing-in of contacts as dispassion and pratyahara (sense-withdrawal), the gaze between the brows as conquest of posture, the evened breath as pranayama, and the restraint of senses, mind, and intellect as marking pratyahara, then dharana and dhyana (concentration and meditation), then samadhi (absorption). Another develops an elaborate progression of samadhi-states (savitarka through nirvitarka, savichara through nirvichara, then sananda, then asmita) in which 'sense-conquered,' 'mind-conquered,' and 'intellect-conquered' name successive stages, ending where even the sense of 'I am' dissolves into pure consciousness and the wise one experiences kaivalya, the highest abode that is moksha. On this reading the final 'ever liberated' carries a distinctly non-dual point: the seeming bondage of ego and the rest never truly existed in past, present, or future; only nescience covered a liberation that was always the case.
Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Śrī Ānandagiri · Dhanapati Sūri
Dvaita
This commentator is concerned to fit the verse with valid means of knowledge and reads 'he is liberated indeed' as praise rather than as a claim that meditation directly produces liberation, since direct liberation by meditation alone would conflict with the recognized means of valid knowledge, while liberation through knowledge would make the statement merely repetitive. Much of the gloss is careful grammatical construction: 'contacts' are things touched, sound and the rest, which are outer alone; their being 'put outside' means that whereas an unrestrained ear can make outer sounds feel as if inward, restraint puts the outer ones back outside. He also reconciles the gaze 'between the brows' with the later instruction to gaze at the tip of the nose (6.13), and reads the evening of the breath as making it unchanging and motionless, with the equalizing serving the purpose of breath-retention.
Śrī Jayatīrtha
Śuddhādvaita
For these commentators the yoga described is never self-set effort alone but yoga that has the Lord for its support: the very holding of breath and senses is, in the seeker, an act of consent to the Lord's indwelling. One reads the bodily details devotionally and almost mystically: the brows between which the eye is fixed are the form of the time-god and the death-god, so that fixing the gaze there is seeing 'I am of the form of dying in the very midst of time and death,' and evening the in-breath and out-breath becomes experiencing happiness equally in union and separation. The putting-aside of worldly contacts is treated as accepting them without preference for better or worse, in the manner of exhausting prarabdha (the karma already in motion).
Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama
Modern
One modern voice insists, against some older commentators, that this is specifically a description of the jivanmukta on the path of action (karma-yoga) and not of the renunciant (sannyasin): although tranquility is one and the same on both paths, the chapter has already named karma-yoga as the superior path and praised the sage engrossed in universal welfare, so this released-in-life figure is the karma-yogin. Another modern voice locates the verse within dhyana-yoga specifically, and clarifies that outer objects are never themselves the obstruction; the obstruction is the raga-laden bond (sambandha) one has accepted with them, so 'placing contacts outside' means with the mind not entertaining thought of outer objects. He also reads the half-closed gaze between the brows as a practical middle path that removes both the fault of laya (drowsiness from fully closed eyes) and the fault of vikshepa (distraction from fully open eyes).
Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
Viśiṣṭādvaita
This commentator reads 5.27 and 5.28 as a single composition and stresses that the two verses together supply only the outer marks of an inner state that the next chapter will develop at length. On this view the present verse is deliberately incomplete on its own: the released-while-embodied condition it names becomes operative only by the inner key the Lord holds out in the very next verse (5.29), which closes the chapter.
Vedānta Deśika
A Seeker Asks
If this person is already 'ever liberated' while still living in a body, what exactly has changed, and what is left for them to do?
What has changed is not the world or the body but the seeker's whole inner orientation. The senses, mind, and intellect that once reached outward and pulled the person into the world are now gathered in and restrained, and the three churning disturbances of desire, fear, and anger have gone quiet, so the mind is at peace and turns toward the Self on its own.
Braided from 6 commentators
Śrī Ānandagiri · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Swami Sivananda · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrī Bhāskara
As for what is left to do, the answer the commentators give is striking: nothing remains to be done for liberation itself. This is the jivanmukta, liberated while still alive, for whom release is not a future reward to be earned by more effort but an already accomplished fact; he has nothing to do but be liberated, and his release is effortlessly the case and beyond dispute.
Śrī Ānandagiri · Lokmanya Tilak · Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrī Jayatīrtha
One non-dual reading presses this even further: even the seeming bondage was never real in the first place. Ego and the rest never bound this person across past, present, or future; only nescience appeared to cover a liberation that was always already true, so 'becoming' free is really the uncovering of what was the case all along.
Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha
Contemplation
Notice where the obstacle actually lies. The objects around you are not the problem, and you do not need to flee the world or seal yourself off from it. The problem is the bond you have quietly accepted with those objects, a bond colored by raga, by liking and clinging. So the work is inward: let the mind stop entertaining thought of outer things and rest its attention on the supreme alone. Even the posture is a gentle middle path. If you close the eyes fully you risk drifting into drowsiness; if you hold them wide open you scatter into distraction. So keep the eyes half closed, the gaze settled softly between the brows, neither asleep nor restless, and let the severing of that clinging bond, not the banishing of the world, be what you practice.
Sit with this · Swami Ramsukhdas
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