Chapter 7 · Verse 21·Spoken by Krishna
यो यो यां यां तनुं भक्तः श्रद्धयार्चितुमिच्छति। तस्य तस्याचलां श्रद्धां तामेव विदधाम्यहम्
yo yo yāṁ yāṁ tanuṁ bhaktaḥ śhraddhayārchitum ichchhati tasya tasyāchalāṁ śhraddhāṁ tām eva vidadhāmyaham
Whatever form a devotee wishes to worship with faith, I make that faith of his firm and steady.
Word by Word
Saved for this reading session
Three movements · tap a label to switch
Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda
Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur
Synthesis · a glossed leaf
machine-assisted draft, pending review
Convergence
rishna is describing how worship of lesser deities actually works. A 'tanu' here means a form or body of a deity. When any devotee, full of 'shraddha' (faith, trusting confidence), wishes to worship some particular deity-form, Krishna says it is he himself who makes that devotee's faith 'achala' (unmoving, steady, firm). So the verse is not chiefly about the deity being worshipped. It is about who supplies the faith with which the worship is done. The answer is: the Lord supplies it, not the deity.
Braided from 18 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Madhvācārya · Śrī Jayatīrtha · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrī Bhāskara · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
Krishna can make this faith firm because he is the 'antaryamin', the inner controller who dwells within every being, including within each deity. Standing inside the deity, he is the one who steadies the worshipper's faith toward that deity-form. The deity itself has no power to generate or fix such faith; the steadying is entirely the Lord's gift, given from within.
Braided from 7 commentators
Vallabhācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Śrī Puruṣottama
For several commentators the faith a person brings is not random; it follows from the 'samskaras', the deep impressions carried from past births. So when a worshipper inclines naturally toward a certain deity, that inclination already reflects an old momentum of the soul. The Lord meets that pre-existing tendency and makes the faith already inclined that way steady, rather than imposing some other faith on the person.
Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Swami Sivananda
The verse stresses 'tam eva', that very faith. The Lord steadies the faith the worshipper is already inclined toward, the faith aimed at that particular deity-form, and not some different faith the person might be told he ought to have. He does not redirect the faith into himself or force the worshipper toward his own form. He confirms and strengthens the chosen direction.
Braided from 6 commentators
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Dhanapati Sūri · Vedānta Deśika · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Swami Ramsukhdas
Divergence
Advaita Vedānta
The accent falls on the worshipper's desire and the role of past impressions. The Lord, as inner controller, makes firm 'that very faith' which the desirer, by his own nature and the force of impressions from another birth, already wishes to direct at some deity-form. One reading here is emphatic that the Lord steadies the faith toward the deity and does not make the person's faith point toward himself; the grammar of 'that very faith' is read by supplying 'toward', so it means firmness toward that deity-form. Nilakantha widens the scope to devotees of every temperament, sattvic, rajasic, or tamasic, and even to those who worship lower powers such as yakshas, rakshasas, bhutas, or pretas: whatever the quality of the faith, the Lord steadies it according to its kind.
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri
Viśiṣṭādvaita
These deities are themselves bodies of the Lord. Scripture says of him that he dwells in the sun, whose body is the sun, though the sun does not know him. So when a devotee worships Indra or any such deity, even without realizing it, he is in truth worshipping a body of the Lord; and the Lord, treating this faith as having his own body for its object, makes it unwavering and free of obstacle. One source adds a careful qualification: this does not mean the Lord underwrites just any faith whatever. The verse speaks of those who worship with faith for a desired fruit. What the Lord grants is the inner condition under which their worship can come to fruition; it is not a doctrinal endorsement of a deity set over against the Lord himself.
Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika
Dvaita
The 'whatever body' here means the deities such as Brahma and the rest, not the Lord's own forms as Rama and Krishna. This is drawn from scriptural context: the Naradiya says that for devotees of Brahma and the others there is an end, but for the Lord's own devotees there is endlessness; and the following verse (7.23) declares the fruit of these worshippers to be finite. Since a finite fruit can belong to those who grasp Brahma and the like, but not to those who grasp the Lord, the verse is read as referring to worship of the various lesser deities, who are many, which is why no single one is named.
Madhvācārya · Śrī Jayatīrtha
Śuddhādvaita
The Lord, taking his stand within the deity as inner ruler of every god, makes the worshipper's faith steady toward that form. One source frames this through fitness for grace: those who are not yet fit to receive the 'rasa', the sweet relish of the Lord's own form, are made steady by him in the worship of these deities instead. He grants their faith for the gaining of their own desire, with a purified inner organ, and makes it firm so that not even scriptural knowledge can shake it; he dispenses it, fixes it, and nourishes it.
Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama
Bhedabheda
The 'form' means the deity's image, and in that very form the Lord makes the worshipper's faith firm and unshakable. The stress is on the Lord conforming to the worshipper's own action: action is the instrumental cause that produces the fruit, while the Lord, fitting himself to that action, abides as the one who ordains it. Endowed with that faith, the worshipper seeks the deity's worship, and from it obtains his desires, which are ordained by the Lord alone.
Śrī Bhāskara
Bhakti
The deity-form is in truth the Lord's own murti, his own manifestation in the shape of the sun and other deities. As inner controller, the Lord lays down and steadies the worshipper's faith toward that form. Some sources here press a sharp point against the idea that the deities themselves could grant faith: those deities cannot generate faith even in devotion to themselves, much less faith in the Lord; so it is the Lord, and not the deity, who ordains and steadies the faith, and he steadies it toward that deity and not toward himself. Yet from the side of truth, worship of a deity is still worship of the Lord through that deity, and one source notes the Lord may steady such faith whether the worshipper is in distress or otherwise.
Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva
Modern
The Lord, the indweller of all beings, makes steady the faith of one who worships the lesser divinities, a faith born of the impressions of his previous birth. One source develops at length why the Lord does not simply force everyone's faith into himself: to do so would cancel the freedom and meaningfulness of human birth, and would betray the Lord's own selflessness, for clutching all beings to oneself is the way of every self-interested creature, not of the friend of all beings. By instead granting people the freedom to keep their own faith, the Lord lets the discerning among them be drawn to him of their own accord, which is the truest way of their upliftment; and because a person remains free and able to change his own desire, he is never made helpless or bound.
Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
A Seeker Asks
If God himself makes my faith in a lesser deity firm, is he not keeping me from himself, and how is that an act of love rather than abandonment?
First, see what God is actually doing. He is the inner controller dwelling within every being and within every deity, and from that inner place he steadies the faith you already incline toward. He is not creating your direction; he is meeting and confirming a tendency that is already yours, often carried from the impressions of past lives. So this is not God pushing you away. It is God working from inside the very faith you bring.
Vallabhācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Swami Sivananda
Second, understand why he does not simply override you and force your faith onto himself. To clutch every being to himself would empty human life of its freedom and meaning, and would make of God just another self-interested holder of others. Because he is the friend of all beings, he refuses to make you dependent. He leaves you free, knowing that the discerning, seeing this very restraint, are drawn to him of their own accord, which is the truest upliftment.
Swami Ramsukhdas
Third, in several readings the deity you worship is itself a body or manifestation of the Lord, so the faith he steadies is, in truth, already turned toward him through that form. The worship of a deity is worship of the Lord through that deity. On this view the gap you fear is smaller than it looks: he is not absent from where your faith rests, he is its hidden object and its steadying source.
Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Baladeva · Vallabhācārya
Contemplation
Notice the strange tenderness in what Krishna says he does. He does not yank your faith away from where it has settled and force it onto himself, even though that faith may be tangled up with your own wants. He steadies you where you stand. The reason given is that the Lord is the friend of all beings, and a friend does not make you dependent or helpless. He leaves your freedom intact, because that very freedom is what makes a human life meaningful. So if you find your faith resting somewhere small, do not read it as God's rejection. Read it as God refusing to coerce you, trusting that as your seeing clears you will turn toward him on your own. Your power to change the direction of your own longing is never taken from you; you are free, capable, and not bound. That freedom is itself the door he is holding open.
Sit with this · Swami Ramsukhdas
Pull up a chair.
You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, tap a name in The seating.